{"id":1016,"date":"2025-09-24T13:29:43","date_gmt":"2025-09-24T13:29:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mafatih-alarabiya.com\/?post_type=learn-arabic&p=1016"},"modified":"2025-09-24T14:43:13","modified_gmt":"2025-09-24T14:43:13","slug":"middle-hamza","status":"publish","type":"learn-arabic","link":"https:\/\/mafatih-alarabiya.com\/en\/learn-arabic\/middle-hamza\/","title":{"rendered":"Middle hamza"},"content":{"rendered":"

Introduction:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

This part discusses the definition of the Middle Hamza, the rules for determining its correct position, and gives explained examples for each type of Middle Hamza. It concludes with a diagram summarizing the positions of the Middle Hamza.<\/p>\n

What is the Middle Hamza?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The Middle Hamza is the hamza that occurs in the middle of a word, whether the word is a noun or a verb. It has four types as follows:<\/p>\n

\u0623- sa\u2019ala (\u0633\u064e\u0623\u064e\u0644): Middle Hamza on Alif.<\/p>\n

\u0628- mu\u2019min(\u0645\u064f\u0624\u0652\u0645\u0650\u0646): Middle Hamza on Waw.<\/p>\n

\u062a- s\u0101\u2019im (\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0645): Middle Hamza on Ya.<\/p>\n

\u062b- tafa\u2019ala (\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0644): Middle Hamza on the line.<\/p>\n

How do we write the Middle Hamza correctly?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

There is a fixed rule for writing each type of the Middle Hamza, as follows:<\/p>\n

1- The Middle Hamza on Alif, Waw, or Ya.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The rule that helps you determine the correct form of the Middle Hamza on Alif, Waw, or Ya is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Look at the vowel (harakah) of the hamza and the vowel of the letter before it. The Middle Hamza is then written according to the stronger of the two vowels, based on the order of strength: Kasra is the strongest, then Damma, then Fatha, then Sukoon.<\/strong>
\nExample: yas\u2019al Zayd the teacher about the date of the exam (\u064a\u0633\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u064c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064e \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646).Here, the hamza in (yas\u2019al) is written on Alif, because it is open (fatha) and preceded by sukoon. Fatha is stronger than sukoon, and what suits fatha is Alif.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \"\"\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A chart illustrates the ranking of vowel strength: Kasra \u2192 Damma \u2192 Fatha \u2192 Sukoon.<\/u><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Note:<\/strong><\/span>\u0623\u200c- If the hamza is preceded by a long vowel (Alif, Waw, or Ya), this means it is preceded by a letter whose vowel is sukoon, such as: \u1e6d\u0101\u2019ir (\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631) \u2013 s\u0101\u2019ir (\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0631) \u2013 \u1e0daw\u2019uhu (\u0636\u0648\u0624\u0647). Example: The moon\u2019s light diminished (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0631\u064f \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0621\u0644 \u0636\u0648\u0624\u0647).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0628\u200c- An exception to the rule of the Middle Hamza on Alif: if the hamza is open (fatha) after a still Ya (ya with sukoon), then it is written on a Ya (nabr) not on Alif. Examples: hay\u2019a (\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629) \u2013 b\u012b\u2019a (\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629) \u2013 mash\u012b\u2019a (\u0645\u0634\u064a\u0626\u0629).<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

2- The Middle Hamza on the Line.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The Middle Hamza is written on the line in either of these two cases:<\/p>\n

1- When the Middle Hamza is open (fatha) and preceded by a long Alif \u2192 qir\u0101\u2019a (\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629)<\/p>\n

2- When the Middle Hamza is open (fatha) and preceded by a long Waw \u2192 makhb\u016b\u2019a (\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0648\u0621\u0629)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

– Examples from Classical Texts for All Types of the Middle Hamza:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nMiddle Hamza on Alif<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nMiddle Hamza on Waw\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\u00a0Middle Hamza on Ya<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nMiddle Hamza on the Line\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Example 1.<\/span><\/td>\nAllah says: \u201cWhen Joseph said to his father, \u2018O my father, indeed I saw [in a dream] eleven stars and the sun and the moon; I saw them prostrating to me.\u201d (\u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u062a \u2013 \u0631\u064e\u0623\u064e\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645)<\/td>\nAllah says: \u201cAnd most of them believe not in Allah except while they associate others with Him.\u201d (\u064a\u064f\u0624\u0645\u0646)<\/td>\nAllah says: \u201cI fear that a wolf may eat him.\u201d (\u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0643\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0651\u0650\u0626\u0652\u0628)<\/td>\nThe Prophet \ufdfa said: \u201cBe optimistic about good and you will find it.\u201d (\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621\u064e\u0644\u0648\u0627)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Analysis<\/span><\/td>\nThe words (ra\u2019aytu \u2013 ra\u2019aytahum) are written with Middle Hamza on Alif, because the hamza is open and preceded by fatha.<\/td>\nThe hamza in (yu\u2019min) is written on Waw, because it is still (sukoon) and preceded by damma; damma is stronger than sukoon, so Waw is used.<\/td>\nThe hamza in (al-dhi\u2019b) is written on Ya, because it is still (sukoon) and preceded by kasra; kasra is stronger than sukoon, so Ya is used.<\/td>\nThe hamza in (tafa\u2019alu) is written on the line, because it is open and preceded by a long Alif.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Example 2.<\/span><\/td>\nAllah says: \u201cIndeed, the righteous will drink from a cup [of wine] whose mixture is of Kafur.\u201d (\u0643\u064e\u0623\u0652\u0633)<\/td>\nAllah says: \u201cIndeed, the hearing, the sight and the heart\u2014about all those [one] will be questioned.\u201d (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064f\u0624\u0627\u062f)<\/td>\nThe Prophet \ufdfa said: \u201cThe rights of a Muslim upon another are five: returning the greeting, visiting the sick, following the funeral, accepting invitations, and saying \u2018yarhamuk Allah\u2019 to the one who sneezes.\u201d (\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0654\u0632)<\/td>\nUmar ibn \u2018Abd al- \u2018Aziz said: \u201cIt is not of dignity to employ a guest.\u201d (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0621\u0629)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Analysis<\/span><\/td>\nThe hamza in (ka\u2019s) is written on Alif, because it is still (sukoon) and preceded by fatha; fatha is stronger than sukoon, so Alif is used.<\/td>\nThe hamza in (fu\u2019ad) is written on Waw, because it is open (fatha) and preceded by damma; damma is stronger than fatha, so Waw is used.<\/td>\nThe hamza in (al-jana\u2019iz) is written on Ya, because it is kasra and preceded by a long Alif (sukoon); kasra is stronger than sukoon, so Ya is used.<\/td>\nThe hamza in (al-muru\u2019a) is written on the line, because it is open and preceded by a long Waw.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Conclusion:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

An illustration showing the positions of the medial hamza in its four types.<\/u><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This section discusses the definition of the medial hamza, the rules for determining its correct position, and gives explained examples of each type of medial hamza. It then concludes with a diagram summarizing the positions of the medial hamza.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":1015,"parent":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"class_list":["post-1016","learn-arabic","type-learn-arabic","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mafatih-alarabiya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/learn-arabic\/1016","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mafatih-alarabiya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/learn-arabic"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mafatih-alarabiya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/learn-arabic"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mafatih-alarabiya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1015"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mafatih-alarabiya.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}